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Antimony ( Sb )

Material Information

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General Description:  

Discovered in 1450.

Elemental antimony is generally found in one of two allotropes and has both metallic and non-metallic properties. The main source of this element is Stibnite (Sb2S3), an ore which whilst being widely distributed is not very plentiful (hence the abundance of only 0.2 ppm of antimony within the earth's crust). Antimony is a relatively stable element and is not attacked by dilute acids or alkalis. It is a poor electrical and thermal conductor. Applications of antimony and its alloys include its use as an alloying element for hardening other metals, a bearing material and in batteries. High purity antimony is used in the semiconductor industry.
   

Atomic Properties

Atomic number 51
Atomic radius - Goldschmidt ( nm ) 0.161
Atomic weight ( amu ) 121.75
Crystal structure Rhombohedral
Electronic structure Kr 4d1O 5s2 5p3
Ionization potential No. eV
1 8.64
2 16.53
3 25.3
4 44.2
5 56.0
6 108
Natural isotope distribution Mass No. %
121 57.3
123 42.7
Photo-electric work function ( eV ) 4.1
Thermal neutron absorption cross-section ( Barns ) 5.0
Valences shown -3, 0, 3, 5

Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity @20C ( µOhmcm ) 40.1
Temperature coefficient @0-100C ( K-1 ) 0.0051
Thermal emf against Pt (cold 0C - hot 100C) ( mV ) +4.89

Mechanical Properties

Material condition Polycrystalline
Bulk modulus ( GPa ) 42
Hardness - Mohs 3.0-3.3
Poisson's ratio 0.25-0.33
Tensile modulus ( GPa ) 54.7

Physical Properties

Boiling point ( C ) 1750
Density @20C ( g cm-3 ) 6.68
Melting point ( C ) 630.7

Thermal Properties

Coefficient of thermal expansion @0-100C ( x10-6 K-1 ) 9.0
Latent heat of evaporation ( J g-1 ) 1370
Latent heat of fusion ( J g-1 ) 163
Specific heat @25C ( J K-1 kg-1 ) 205
Thermal conductivity @0-100C ( W m-1 K-1 ) 24.4
All information and technical data are given as a guide only. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is correct, no warranty is given as to its completeness or accuracy.
Standard products are available in these forms
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